Abbreviations & Sources

ABBREVIATIONS

Amer. = American
arch. = archaic
Aust. = Australia(n)
Bk = from a reference book; date shown is published date
Bnn = Before the date shown 
Brit. = Britain/British
Can. – Canadian
colloq. = colloquial
dial. = dialect
Eng. = England/English
Enn = Early nn century; e.g. E19 =  Early 19th century
esp. = especially
exc. = except
LME = Late Middle English
Lnn = Late nn century; e.g. L19 = Late 19th century
ME = Middle English
Mnn = Middle nn century; e.g. M19 = Middle 19th century
nnC = nn century; e.g. 19C = 19th century
NZ = New Zealand
obs. = obsolete
orig. = originally
pert. = pertaining
S. Afr. = South Africa(n)
Sc. = Scottish
sl. = slang
spec. – specifically
W.Indies = West Indies
WWI = World War I
WWII = World War II


SOURCES

• 2000 Most Challenging and Obscure Words, Norman W. Schur, 1987
• 20th Century Words, John Ayto, 1999
• 21st Century Dictionary of Slang, Karen Watts, 1994
• African American Slang, A Linguistic Description, Maciej Widawski, 2015
• Africanderisms: A Glossary of South African Colloquial Words and Phrases, Charles Pettman, 1913
​• American Encyclopaedic Dictionary, The; Robert Hunter, 1895
• American English, Gilbert M. Tucker, 1921
• American Glossary, An; Richard H. Thornton, 1912
• American Heritage Dictionary, The; Fourth Edition, 2006
• Americanisms Old and New, John S. Farmer, 1889
• Americanisms: The English of the New World, M.Schele de Vere, 1872
• American Language, The, Supplement One, H.L. Mencken, 1962
• American Slang, Robert L. Chapman, 1998
• American Slang Dictionary, The: James Maitland, 1891
• American Thesaurus of Slang, A Complete Reference Book of Colloquial Speech, Lester V. Berry and Melvin Van den Bark, 1942
• American Tramp and Underworld Slang, Godfrey Irwin, 1971
• Attempt at a Glossary of Some Words used in Cheshire, An: Roger Wilbraham, 1826
• Attempt Towards a Glossary of the Archaic and Provincial Words of the County of Stafford, An; Charles Henry Poole, 1880 
• Aussie Slang, John Blackman, 1998
• Austral English, Edward Ellis Morris, 1898
• Australian Slang Dictionary, The; Cornelius Crowe, 1895
• A-Z of Irish Crime, The: A Guide to Criminal Slang, Alan Sherry, 2007
• Barron’s American Slang Dictionary and Thesaurus; Mary Elizabeth Podhaizer, 2009
• Baseball Lingo, Zander Hollander, 1967
• Beauties of Wiltshire, The; John Britton, 1825
• Beaut Little Book of New Zealand Slang, The; Harry Orsman, Des Hurley, 1995
• Big Book of Being Rude, The; Jonathon Green, 2001
• Black Jargon in White America, David Claerbaut, 1972
• Black Talk, Geneva Smitherman, 2000
• Bloomsbury Dictionary of Contemporary Slang, Tony Thorn, 1991
• Boontling: An American Lingo, Charles C. Adams, 1971
• BritSlang: An Uncensored A-Z of the Peoples’ Language, Ray Puxley, 2004
• Cassell Dictionary of English Idioms, The; Rosalind Fergusson, 1999
• Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang, Jonathon Green, 2000 & 2006
• Caxton’s Book of Curtesye (1477-8), Edited by Frederick J. Furnivall, 1868
• Century Dictionary and Encyclopedia, The; William Dwight Whitney, 1889-1891
• Chambers Dictionary, The; 12th Edition, 2011
• Chambers Slang Dictionary, Jonathon Green, 2008
• Chambers’s Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language, Rev. Thomas Davidson, 1903 
• Cocker’s English Dictionary, Edward Cocker, 1724
• Collection of College Words and Customs, A; B.H. Hall, 1856
• Collection of Dialect Words and Phrases as used in Cumberland and Westmoreland, A; B. Kirkby, 1898
• Collection of English Words not Usually Used, A; John Ray, 1674
• Collins English Dictionary, Twelfth Edition, 2014
• Colonial American English, A Glossary, Richard M. Lederer, 1985
• Colonial English, A Glossary of Australian Anglo-Indian, Pidgin English, West Indian, and South African Words, Edited by Karl Lentzner, 1891
• Compleat Collection of English Proverbs, To Which is Added a Collection of English Words, A; John Ray, 1737
• Complete and Universal Dictionary of the English Language, A; Rev. James Barclay, 1848
• Complete Dictionary of the English Language, A; Thomas Sheridan, 1790, 1797
• Concise Dictionary of English Slang, A; William Freeman, 1958
• Concise Dictionary of Middle English from AD 1150 to 1580, A; Rev. A. L. Mayhew, Rev. Walter W. Skeat, 1888
• Concise New Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, 2008
• Contemporary Dictionary of Sexual Euphemisms, The; Jordan Tate; 2007
• Contribution to an Essex Dialect Dictionary, A; Edward Gepp, 1920
• Cowboy Lingo, Ramon F. Adams, 1936
• Crime Dictionary, Ralph De Sola, 1988
• Criminal Slang, The Vernacular of the Underworld Lingo, Captain Vincent J. Monteleone, 1945
• Current Americanisms: a Dictionary of Words and Phrases in Common Use, T. Baron Russell, 1893
• Current Slang, A Biennial Cumulation of Volumes III and IV (1968-1970), Edited by Stephen Dill and Donald Bebeau
• David McGill’s Complete Kiwi Slang Dictionary, 1998
• Dialect and Folk-Lore of Northamptonshire, The: Thomas Sternberg, 1851
• Dialect Glossary of North Riding of Yorkshire, Richard Blakeborough, 1912
• Dialect Notes, A Publication of the American Dialect Society, 1905-1912
• Dialect of Banffshire, with a Glossary of Words not in Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, The: Rev. Walter Gregor, 1866
• Dialect of Craven in the West-Riding of the County of York, The: William Carr, 1828
• Dialect of Cumberland, The; Robert Ferguson, 1873
• Dialect of Hartland, The; Devonshire, R. Pearse Chope, 1891
• Dialect of Leeds and its Neighbourhood, The; C. Clough Robinson, 1862
• Dialect of South Lancashire, Samuel Bamford, 1850
• Dialect of the West of England particularly Somersetshire, The: James Jennings, 1869
• Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect, to which is added a Glossary, A; J.F. Palmer, 1837
• Dictionarium Anglo-Britannicum or, A General English Dictionary, John Kersey, 1708
• Dictionarium Britannicum, Nathan Bailey, G.Gordon, P. Miller, T. Lediard, 1736
• Dictionary of Alaskan English, Russell Tabbert, 1991
​• Dictionary of American Idioms, Adam Makkai, 2004
• Dictionary of Americanisms, A Glossary of Words and Phrases usually regarded as peculiar to the United States, John Russell Bartlett, 1860
• Dictionary of American Regional English (DARE), online (http://www.daredictionary.com/)
• Dictionary of American Slang, Barbara Ann Kipfer, Robert L. Chapman, 2010
• Dictionary of American Slang, Clement Wood and Gloria Goddard, 1926
• Dictionary of American Slang, Second Supplemented Edition, Harold Wentworth, Stuart Berg Flexner, 1975
• Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, A; James Halliwell, 1855
• Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, A;  G.A. Wilkes, 1978
• Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, A; G.A. Wilkes, 1996
• Dictionary of Contemporary Slang, Jonathon Green, 1984
• Dictionary of Crime, Jay Robert Nash, 1992
• Dictionary of Devon Dialect, A; John Downes, 1986
• Dictionary of Early English, Joseph Shipley, 1955
• Dictionary of English Phrases, A; Albert M. Hyamson, 1922
• Dictionary of Euphemisms, A; R.W. Holder, 1995
• Dictionary of Euphemisms and other Doubletalk, Hugh Rawson, 2002
• Dictionary of Expressions from Appalachia to the Ozarks, A; Robert Hendrickson, 1997
• Dictionary of Idiomatic English Phrases, James Main Dixon, 1891
• Dictionary of Lowland Scotch, A; Charles Mackay, 1888
• Dictionary of Military Terms, Richard Bowyer, 2002
• Dictionary of Modern New Zealand Slang, Harry Orsman, 2003
• Dictionary of Naval Slang, Compiled from Various Sources
  http://www.goatlocker.org/resources/nav/navyslang.pdf
• Dictionary of Obsolete and Provincial English, Thomas Wright, 1880, 1886
• Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
• Dictionary of Playground Slang, Chris Lewis, 2003
• Dictionary of Prince Edward Island English, T.K. Pratt, 1988
• Dictionary of Reduplicated Words, Henry B. Wheatley, 1866
• Dictionary of Service Slang, Park Kendall, 1944
• Dictionary of Sexual Slang, Alan Richter, 1993
• Dictionary of Slang and Colloquial English, A: John S. Farmer, W.E. Henley, 1921
• Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, 8th Edition, Paul Beale, 2002
• Dictionary of Slang, Jargon, and Cant, A; Albert Barrere, 1890
• Dictionary of the English Language, A; Samuel Johnson, 1827
• Dictionary of the Isle of Wight Dialect, A; W.H. Long, 1886
• Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect, A; W.D. Parish, 1888
• Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL), online (http://www.dsl.ac.uk/)
• Dictionary of the Scottish Language, A; Captain Thomas Brown, 1845
• Dictionary of the Scottish Language, A; Ebenezer Picken, 1818
• Dictionary of the Slang-English of Australia, Dr. Karl Lentzer, 1892
• Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect, Rev. W.D. Parish, 1875
• Dictionary of the Synonymous Words and Technical Terms in the English Language, James Leslie, 1806
• Dictionary of the Underworld, A; Eric Partridge, 1971
• Dictionary of Tommies’ Songs and Slang, 1914-18, John Brophy & Eric Partridge, 2008
• Dictionary of Trade Products, The; P.L. Simmonds, 1898
• Dictionary of Uncommon Words, Laurence Urdang, 1991
• Dictionary of Words about Alcohol, A; Mark Keller and Mairi McCormick, 1968
• Dictionary of Yiddish & Slang Idioms, A; Fred Kogos, 1992
• Digger Dialects, W. H. Downing, 1919
• Dinkum Aussie Dictionary, The; Richard Beckett, 1986
• Drugs from A to Z, Richard R. Lingeman, 1969
• Drunk, The Definitive Drinker’s Dictionary, Paul Dickson, 2009
• Encyclopaedic Dictionary, The; Robert Hunter, 1879-1888
• English As We Speak It In Ireland, P.W. Joyce, 1910
• English Dialect Dictionary, The: Joseph Wright, 1898-1905
• English Dictionarie or an Interpreter of Hard English Words, The; Henry Cockeram, 1647
• English Dictionary, An: Elisha Coles, 1717
• English Expositor, The; R. Browne, 1719
• English Rogue: Described, in the life of Meriton Latroon, a Witty Extravagant, The: Richard Head, Francis Kirkman, 1665
• Etymological Dictionary of the Scottish Language, An: John Jamieson, 1879-1887
• Etymological Glossary of the Shetland and Orkney Dialect, An: Thos. Edmondston, 1866
• Explanatory and Phonographic Dictionary of the English Language, An; William Bolles, 1853
• Flappers 2 Rappers: American Youth Slang, Tom Dalzell, 2010
• Folk Speech of East Yorkshire, The; John Nicholson, 1889
• Folk-Speech of South Cheshire, The; Thomas Darlington, 1887
• Forgotten English, Jeffrey Kacirk, 1999
• Gaelic Etymology of the Languages of Western Europe, and more especially of the English and Lowland Scotch, The: Charles Mackay, 1877
• Gang Slang, A Dictionary of Criminal and Sexual Slang, James Morton, 2002
• Gay Talk (formerly entitled The Queen’s Vernacular), A (Sometimes  Outrageous) Dictionary of Gay Slang, Bruce Rodgers, 1972
• General Dictionary of Commerce, Trade, and Manufactures, A; Thomas Mortimer, 1810
• General Dictionary of Provincialisms, A; William Holloway, 1839
• Glossary and Etymological Dictionary of Obsolete and Uncommon Words, A; William Toone, 1832 
• Glossary of Anglo Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases, A; Arthur Coke Burnell, 1886
• Glossary of Archaic and Provincial Words, A Supplement to the Dictionaries of the English Language. Jonathan Boucher, 1832
• Glossary of Berkshire Words and Phrases, A; Major B. Lowsley, 1888
• Glossary of Cornish Provincial Words, Fred W.P. Jago, 1882
• Glossary of Dialect and Archaic Words used in the County of Gloucester, A; J.D. Robertson, 1890
• Glossary of Hampshire Words and Phrases, A; Rev. William H. Cope, 1883
• Glossary of Northamptonshire Words and Phrases, Anne Elizabeth Baker, 1854
• Glossary of North Country Words, A; John Trotter Brockett, 1825
• Glossary of Provincial and Local Words Used in England, A; Francis Grose, 1839
• Glossary of Provincial Words and Phrases in use in Wiltshire, A; John Yonge Akerman, 1842
• Glossary of Provincial Words Used in Berkshire, A; J.G. Bell London, 1852
• Glossary of Provincial Words used in Herefordshire, A; Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 1839
• Glossary of Provincial Words used in Teesdale in the County of Durham, A; Frederick P. Dinsdale, 1849
• Glossary of Rochdale-with-Rossendale Words and Phrases, A; Henry Cunliffe, 1886
• Glossary of Surrey Words, A; Granville Leveson Gower, 1893
• Glossary of Terms and Phrases, Rev. H. Percy Smith, 1883
• Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect, A; Rev. J.C. Atkinson, 1868
• Glossary of the Cotswold (Gloucestershire) Dialect, A; Rev. Richard Webster Huntley, 1868
• Glossary of the Dialect of Almondbury and Huddersfield, The; Rev. Alfred Easther, 1883
• Glossary of the Dorset Dialect, A; William Barnes, 1886
• Glossary of the Essex Dialect, A; Richard Stephen Charnock, 1880
• Glossary of the Lancashire Dialect, A; John H. Nodal, George Milner, 1875 
• Glossary of the Provincialisms in use in the County of Sussex, A; William Durrant Cooper, 1853
• Glossary of the Shetland Dialect, A; James Stout Angus, 1914
• Glossary of Thoroughbred Racing, Frank M. Briggs, Sr., 1985
• Glossary of Tudor and Stuart Words, A: A.L. Mayhew, 1914
• Glossary of West Worcestershire Words, A; Mrs. Chamberlain, 1882
• Glossary of the Words and Phrases of Furness, (North Lancashire), A; J. P. Morris, 1869
• Glossary of Words and Phrases Pertaining to the Dialect of Cumberland, A; William Dickinson, 1878
• Glossary of Words and Phrases used in S. E. Worcestershire, A; Jesse Salisbury, 1893
• Glossary of Words in use in Cornwall, Miss M.A. Courtney, Thomas Q. Couch, 1880
• Glossary of Words in use in the Counties of Antrim and Down, A; W. Patterson, 1880
• Glossary of Words pertaining to the Dialect of Mid-Yorkshire, A; C. Clough Robinson, 1876
• Glossary of Words used in East Anglia, A; Walter Rye, 1895
• Glossary of Words used in Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire, A; Frederick Ross, Richard Stead, Thomas Holderness, 1877
• Glossary of Words Used in South-West Lincolnshire, A; Robert Eden George Cole, 1886
• Glossary of Words used in Swaledale, A; Yorkshire, Captain John Harland, 1873
• Glossary of Words Used in the County of Chester, A; Robert Holland, 1886
• Glossary of Words used in the County of Northumberland and on The Tyneside, The; Rd. Oliver Heslop, 1893-1894
• Glossary of Words used in the County of Salop, A; Rev. CharlesHenry Hartshorne, 1841
• Glossary of Words Used in the County of Wiltshire, A; George Dartnell, 1893
• Glossary of Words used in the Dialect of Cheshire, A; Lieut.-Col. Egerton Leigh, 1877
• Glossary of Words Used in the Neighbourhood of Sheffield, A; Sidney Oldall Addy, 1888
• Glossary of Words used in the Neighbourhood of Whitby, A; Edited by F. K. Robinson
• Glossary of Words Used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Edward Peacock, 1875
• Glossary of Yorkshire Words and Phrases, A; Francis Kildale Robinson, 1855
• Glossary, or Collection of Words, Phrases, Names, and Illusions to Customs, Proverbs, Etc. A; Robert Nares, 1888
• Glossary to the Works of William Shakespeare, A; Alexander Dyce, 1880
• Glossographia Anglicana Nova, or, A Dictionary Interpreting such Hard Words….., Thomas Blount, 1656, 1707
• Golf Dictionary, The; Michael Corcoran, 1997
• Great Aussie Slang, Compiled by Maggie Pinkney, 1999
• Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft, John Greaves Nall 1866
• Grose’s Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 1823
• Hallamshire Glossary, The: Rev. Joseph Hunter, 1829
• Hatchet Jobs and Hardball, The Oxford Dictionary of American Political Slang, Grant Barrett, 2004
• Hepcats Jive Talk Dictionary, Lou Shelly, 1945
• Herefordshire Words and Phrases, Francis T. Havergal, 1887
• Historical Dictionary of American Slang, J.E. Lighter, Volumes I & II
• Hobson-Jobson: Being a Glossary of Anglo-Indian Colloquial Words and Phrases, Henry Yule and Arthur Coke Burnell, 1886
• Idiom Savant, Slang as it is Slung, Jerry Dunn, 1997
• Imperial Dictionary of the English Language, The: Rev. John Ogilvie, 1847-1850
• Intensifying Similes in English, T. Hilding Svartengren, 1918
• In-words & Out-Words, Fritz Spiegl, 1987
• Jamaican Sayings, G. Llewellyn Watson, 1991
• Jamieson’s Dictionary of the Scottish Language, John Jamieson, John Johnstone, 1867
• Jazz Lexicon, A; Robert S. Gold, 1964
• Jewish Word Book, The; Sidney J. Jacobs, 1982
• Jonathan David Dictionary of Popular Slang, The; Anita Pearl, 1980
​• John Blackman’s Best of Aussie Slang, John Blackman, 1995
• Johnson’s and Walker’s English Dictionaries Combined, Samuel Johnson, John Walker, Henry John Todd, Alexander Chalmers, Joseph E. Worcester
• Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang, Clarence Major, 1994
• Kansas University Quarterly, 1893
• Knickers in a Twist: A Dictionary of British Slang, Jonathan Bernstein, 2006
• Language of Sex from A to Z, The; Robert M. Goldenson, Kenneth N. Anderson, 1986
• Lean’s Collectanea, Vincent Stuckey Lean, 1903
• Leicestershire Words, Phrases, and Proverbs, Arthur Evans, 1881
• Lexicon of Railroad Language, A; James H. Beck, 1978
• Lingua Britannica Reformata: Or, a New English Dictionary, Benjamin Martin, 1749
• List of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire, A; William Stott Banks, 1865
• Lost Beauties of the English Language, Charles Mackay, 1874
• Lumberjack Lingo, A Dictionary of the Logging Era, L.G. Sorden and Jacque Vallier, 1986
• Macquarie Australia’s National Dictionary Slang Dictionary, James Lambert, General Editor, 2000
• Macquarie Book of Slang: Australian Slang in the 90s, James Lambert, 1996
• McGraw-Hill’s Super-Mini American Slang Dictionary, Richard A. Spears, 2007
• Middle English Dictionary, A; Francis Henry Stratmann, Henry Bradley, 1891
• Morrow Book of New Words, The; N.H. and S.K. Mager, 1982
• Mrs. Byrne’s Dictionary of Unusual, Obscure, and Preposterous Words, Josefa Heifetz Byrne, 1960
• Nation in the Parish, or, Records of Upton-on-Severn….and a Glossary, A; by Robert Lawson, 1884
• Nautical Dictionary, Arthur Young, 1863
• New and Complete Dictionary of Terms of Art, Egbert Buys, 1768
• New and Complete Dictionary of the English Language, The;  John Ash, 1795
• New and Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language, A; Hyde Clarke, 1872
• New and Enlarged Military Dictionary, or, Alphabetical Explanation of Technical Terms, A; Charles James, 1802
• New Dickson Baseball Dictionary, The; Paul Dickson, 1999
• New Dictionary of Americanisms, A; Sylva Clapin, 189?
• New Dictionary of the English Language, A; Charles Richardson, 1836-55
• New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew, A; B.E. (Gent), 1899
• New English Dictionary on Historical Principles, A; James Murray, 1887-1933
• New General English Dictionary, A; Thomas Dyche, William Pardon, 1760
• New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English, The; Tom Dalzell and Terry Victor, 2006
• New Universal Etymological, Technological, and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language, A; John Craig, 1849
• New World of Words or Universal English Dictionary, The: Edward Phillips, 1720
• New Yawk Tawk, A Dictionary of New York City Expressions, Robert Hendrickson, 1998
• NTC’s Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions, Richard A. Spears, 1990
• NTC’S Dictionary of Euphemisms, Anne Bertram, 1998
• NTC’S Dictionary of Folksy, Regional, and Rural Sayings, Anne Bertram, 1996
• Oldest Words in the English Language, Herbert Coleridge, 1862
• Oxford Dictionary of American English, 2005
• Oxford Dictionary of Idioms, The; Judith Siefring, 2004
• Oxford Dictionary of Slang, John Ayto, 1998
• Oxford Dictionary of Rhyming Slang, John Ayto, 2002
• Oxford English Dictionary (Compact) (Second Edition), 1991
• Oxford English Dictionary (Shorter) on Historical Principles, Vols. 1 & 2, 2007
• Passing English of the Victorian Era, James Redding Ware, 1909
• Peasant Speech of Devon, The: Sarah Hewett, 1892
• Penguin Book of Australian Slang, The; Lenie ‘Midge’ Johansen, 1988
• Penguin Dictionary of Historical Slang, The; Eric Partridge, 1972
• Pidgin English Dictionary of Common Nouns and Phrases in the Territory of New Guinea, 1937
• Pocket Dictionary of American Slang, Harold Wentworth, 1969
• Polyglot’s Lexicon, 1943-1966, Kenneth Versand, 1973
• Popular and Complete English Dictionary, A; Rev. John Boag, 1848
• Probert Encyclopaedia of Slang, The; 2004
• Progressive Dictionary of the English Language, The; Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, 1885
• Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language, A; James Knowles, 1835
• Provincial Words and Expressions Current in Lincolnshire, J. Ellett Brogden, 1866
• Public School Slang, Morris Marples, 1940
• Public School Word-Book, The; John S. Farmer, 1900
• Randigal Rhymes and A Glossary of Cornish Words, Joseph Thomas, 1895
• Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang, J.E. Lighter, Vol 1 (1994). Vol. 2 (1997)
• Random House Thesaurus of Slang, Esther Lewin, 1989
• Rhyming Cockney Slang, Jack Jones, 1971
• Riders Dictionarie, By John Rider, Edited by Francis Holyoke, 1606
• Rock Snob’s Dictionary, The; David Kamp and Steven Daly, 2005
• Sailor’s Word-Book: An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms, The; William Smyth, 1867
• Scots Dialect Dictionary, A; Alexander Warrack, 1911
• Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia, The: John Mactaggart, 1876
• Sea Slang of the Twentieth Century, Wilfred Granville, 1950
• Second Barnhart Dictionary of New English, The; Clarence L. Barnhart, Sol Steinmetz, Robert K. Barnhart, 1980
• Sexual Slang: A Compendium of Offbeat Words and Colorful Phrases from Shakespeare to Today, Alan Richter, 1994
• Shakespeare Glossary, A; C.T. Onions, 1911
• Shakespeare Lexicon, Alexander Schmidt, 1902
• Shakespeare Word-Book, John Foster, 1908
• Shakespearian Referee, The; J.H. Siddons, 1886
• Shorter Slang Dictionary, Rosalind Fergusson, 1994
• Shropshire Word-Book, Georgina E. Jackson, 1879
• Slang: A Dictionary of the Turf, the Ring, the Chase, the Pit, or Bon-ton…., John Badcock, 1823
• Slang American Style, Richard A. Spears, 1995
• Slang and Euphemism, Richard A. Spears, 2001
• Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present, John S. Farmer, W.E. Henley, 1891-1902
• Slang Dictionary, The: John Camden Hotten, 1913
• Slang of Sin, The, Tom Dalzell, 1999
• Slang of Venery and Its Analogues, 1916
• Slang, The Authoritative Topic-By-Topic Dictionary of American Lingoes from all Walks of Life, Paul Dickson, 1998
• Slang: The Topical Dictionary of Americanisms, Paul Dickson, 2006
• Slang Today and Yesterday, Eric Partridge, 1933
• Slang-U, The Official Dictionary of College Slang, Pamela Munro, 1989
• Slanguage: Dictionary of Irish Slang, Bernard Share, 2005
• Soldiers’ Songs and Slang of the Great War, Martin Pegler, 2014
• Southern Stuff, Mildred Jordan Brooks, 1992
• Specimens of Early English, Richard Morris, 1867
• Sports Junkie’s Book of Trivia, Terms, and Lingo, The; Harvey Frommer, 2005
• Sports Lingo, Harvey Frommer, 1979
• Standard Dictionary of the English Language, A; Isaac K. Funk, 1908
• Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases, The; C.A.M. Fennell, 1892
• Stone the Crows, Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang, John Ayto and John Simpson, 1992
• Straight From the Fridge, Dad, A Dictionary of Hipster Slang, Max Decharne, 2000
• Street Talk 2, David Burke, 1992
• Suffolk Words and Phrases, Edward Moor, 1823
• Supplementary English Glossary, A: O. Davies, T. Lewis, 1881 
• Supplement to Johnson’s English Dictionary, A; George Mason, 1801
• Supplement to the Glossary of the Dialect of Cumberland, A; E. W. Prevost, 1905
• Surnames of Scotland, The: George F. Blake, 1946
• Talk the Talk The Slang of 65 American Subcultures, Luc Reid, 2006
• Thesaurus Dictionary of the English Language, A: Francis Andrew March, 1902
• Thesaurus of American Slang, Robert L. Chapman, 1991
• Thesaurus of Slang, A; Howard N. Rose, 1934
• Trash, Cash, Fizzbos, and Flatliners, A Dictionary of Today’s Words, Sid Lerner, Gary S. Belkin, 1993
• Treasury of Knowledge and Library of Reference, The; Samuel Maunder, 1840
• Turd Ferguson & The Sausage Party: An Uncensored Guide to College Slang, Ben Applebaum, 2004
• Ultimate Cockney Geezer’s Guide to Rhyming Slang, The; Geoff Tibball, 2008
• Underground Dictionary, The, Eugene E. Landy, 1971
• Union Dictionary, The; Thomas Browne, 1810
• Universal Etymological English Dictionary, An; Nathan Bailey, 1737
• Upper Class Rhyming Slang, Paul Wheeler and Anne Broadhead, 1985
• Vice Slang, Tom Dalzell & Terry Victor, 2008
• Vocabulary of Criminal Slang, A, Louis E. Jackson, 1914
• Vocabulary of East Anglia, The: Robert Forby, 1830
• Vocabulum: Or, The Rogue’s Lexicon, George Washington Matsell, 1859
• Vulgar Tongue: A Glossary of Slang, Cant, and Flash Words and Phrases, The: Ducange Anglicus, 1859
• War Slang, Paul Dickson, 2004
• Warwickshire Word-Book, A; G.F. Northall, 1896
• Webster’s International Dictionary of the English Language, Noah Porter, 1895
• Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary, Second Edition, 2001
• Western Canadian Dictionary and Phrase Book, John Sandilands, 1913
• Western Words, A Dictionary of the Range, Cow Camp, and Trail, Ramon F. Adams, 1945
• West Somerset Word-Book, The; Frederick Thomas Elworthy, 1886
• Wicked Words, Hugh Rawson, 1989
• Word-Book of Virginia Folk-Speech, B.W. Green, 1912
• Word Lover’s Dictionary, The; Josefa Heifetz, 1997
​• Word Museum, The: The Most Remarkable English Words…, Jeffrey Kacirk, 2000
• Words and Phrases Used at Hetton-Le-Hole (Durham), Rev. F. M. T. Palgrave, 1896
• Words in the Dialect of Cumberland, Westmoreland, and North Lancashire, which are Related to the Icelandic, Rev. T. Ellwood, 1895
• Writer’s Digest Flip Dictionary, The; Barbara Ann Kipfer, 2000
• Writer’s Guide to Everyday Life from Prohibition through World War II, Marc McCutcheon, 1995
• Yorkshire Folk-Talk, Rev. M. C. F. Morris, 1892